There is no common blueprint for database management system design. Every data‐ base is built slightly differently, and component boundaries are somewhat hard to see and define.

Database management system use a client/server model. Where database's instance (also known as nodes) take the role of server and applications take the role of clients. Clients requests arrive throughout transport system (binary or text), queries expressed in some query language. Servers communicates between nodes also with transport system.

How store values

• By ROWS. By row in general. RDB typically stores values by rows but large texts stores outside in blobs.
• By COLUMNS. Column DB (Analytics DB) stores values by columns. That allows to quick access value in wide column tables.

For optimal storage consumption databases use compression, for quick access - indexes.